Spark of Hope: Unveiling the Transformative Power of ElectroconvulsiveTherapy (ECT) in Overcoming Major Depressive Disorder

Abstract

Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a significant public health concern, characterized by persistent low mood, anhedonia, and cognitive impairments, leading to substantial morbidity. In Pakistan, the burden of MDD is exacerbated by limited access to effective treatments, particularly for patients who are resistant to conventional pharmacotherapy.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) as a treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Material and Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted from January to June 2023 at two major psychiatric Hospitals in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The sample size of 60 participants was calculated using a power analysis with an effect size of 0.8, a significance level of 0.05, and a power of 0.80. Participants were divided into the ECT group (n=30) and the control group (n=30). The ECT group received standard ECT treatment and routine care, while the control group received regular care alone. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) was used to assess the severity of depressive symptoms at baseline and after the completion of ECT sessions (six weeks). The primary outcome measure was the change in HDRS scores between the two groups. .

Results: The ECT group exhibited a significantly greater reduction in depressive symptoms than the control group. After six weeks of treatment, the mean reduction in HDRS scores was high in the ECT group (09.13±1.94) compared to the control group (12.23±4.30) (p < 0.001). Likewise, the overall response rate (defined as a ≥50% reduction in HDRS scores) was significantly higher in the ECT group (75%) compared to the control group (25%) (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: This study provides evidence of ECT's effectiveness as a treatment option for MDD in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and demonstrated a substantial reduction in depressive symptoms and a higher response rate compared to routine care alone.